As mentioned before, those claims are made by bots, not humans, based on some script or something, so they sometimes make random claims which are not correct for the artist/band they are claiming the song to be.
If they make a false claim to a song, and you know it's wrong plus you have proof that you have the permission to use that song, then dispute them.
I've disputed numerous of these false claims before based on the above conditions that I mentioned, the claims always made by big music companies, not some random troll. It did not affect my standing nor copyright strike.
The simplest example I can give is like this:-
1) You download a song that is listed as royalty free by Kevin MacLeod from his website Incompetech.
2) You use that song in your video.
3) You give credit in your video description for the music, as per the requirement of CC 3.0.
4) Suddenly you get a claim on YT by some douchebag music company claiming that song is by one of their artist which is obviously not Kevin.
5) Knowing that you obtained the music and under the right license by the creator, FIGHT the claim.
However, if you got the music from some unknown origin and cannot verify it is royalty free, then to dispute will be difficult, even though the claim it by an artist entirely different than the real singer/band of the song you're using. But that's the problem, they can make the claim without proof, you however, need to prove that they are wrong.
Cheers!
Read more:
http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/licenses/